Term “latency” is referring to a delay between transmission and receipt of the signal. In the electric cable there is time difference happening between time when user press the button and moment when server receives signal. Many physical factors are affecting latency, such as length of the wire/cable and amount of nodes between server and signal sender. Different devices for the nodes affect latency differently. Hubs that have function of repeating signal are affecting latency less than modems, that are modulating incoming and outgoing signals.
RTT (round-trip time) is the name of the unit that is used for measuring latency. It is the value in milliseconds that refers to time that packet takes for a trip from sender to receiver and back.
Latency
If the receiving end is expecting some signal, but due to the latency signal did not come on time, the receiver may assume that there is no more data coming.
Transmission errors might be caused by latency. To avoid them, network designer should take into consideration the maximum number of segments, and maximum value for segments length. These values are defined for each type of cabling. Otherwise, increasing distance between sender and receiver would give greater latency.
