What is Subnet Mask, Types of Subnet Mask? Why you should care? Well, every device in the IPv4 network has its own subnet mask, that defines which subnet device it belongs to. Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is being combined with device IP for identification of its subnetwork.
Subnet mask can be written either in binary (111111.111111.111111.000000) or decimal ...
This protocol is necessary for ensuring that data has been successfully received by the recipient node. ICMP reports to the sender on successful or unsuccessful data delivery. It indicates reason for data delivery failure like:
TTL (Time To Live) expiry
Data destination reach failure
Network congestion
ICMP provides failure information, that might be very useful for problem troubleshooting, but it does not solve any ...
What is ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)? This protocols main purpose is to identify network nodes MAC address using its IP. ARP creates database of discovered nodes in the network and saves it on local machine for future use.
Whenever one node of the network needs to know some other nodes MAC address, it broadcasts the ARP message to the network. Message contains ...
You can get in the situation when more POTS ports than 2 (like for this HGU type ONU) are needed. That could be a small office customer or building with more flats. It may also support a few TDM (time division multiplex) services such as DS1 or E1, via pseudowire emulation. This SBU from Fiberbit:
For example can have 16 FXS POTS ...
TCP is providing data delivery services while being located in Transport layer of OSI and TCP/IP models. TCP requires established connection before the data transmission begin, so it is called connection -oriented subprotocol. TCP is ensuring connection is established before transmission.
Figure 1. A TCP segment
TCP is providing reliable data delivery with the help of sequencing and checksums. Without TCP data ...
TCP/IP model has been developed much later after OSI model. OSI was developed as theoretical model, while TCP/IP was more practical. TCP/IP is having just four layers in oppose to seven layers of OSI. All the layers are roughly corresponding to the osi model as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The TCP/IP model compared with the OSI model
Application layer is ...
