The data applied to the OSI model is entirely different on the beginning when sent to the Application layer and at the end when transformed by all seven OSI layers. Each layer is adding its own piece of information to the initial data. All these pieces are addressed to the correlating layers at the receiver node. In order to explain ...
The first layer in OSI model is called Physical layer. It is working directly with the hardware, sending and receiving signals through the Network Interface Card (NIC).
While changing voltage for the copper wires it also can use light pulses for the fiber-optic cable. If the NIC has wireless receiver/transmitter it can receive/send signals as the electromagnetic waves.
After signals are detected ...
The main function of the Data Link layer is to receive data packages from network layer and convert them to the frames that are ready to be transmitted by the first layer in OSI model - the Physical layer. The frame would include not only data packages, but also the sender’s and the receiver’s network addresses, as well as error ...
The network layer is completing the job of translating the network addresses into lower level language and finding a route how data could be delivered.
Network equipment is having two types of addresses that help simplify delivery. There is a Network address (Network layer address, logical address, virtual address) and a physical address. If we compare the Network address with the ...
As it is clear from the name of this protocol, the idea behind Transport layer is in delivering data. It is not the only function of this layer but delivering is essential. Transport layer ensures successful delivery in correct order, without errors. Data is being verified by the recipients Transport layer. Its integrity should be exactly the same as on senders end. ...
Two different nodes in the network are connected to each other communicating. Meanwhile, it is the job of the Session layer to maintain and coordinate communications between them. While “session” means the data exchange between two workstations, the task of the Session layer is more in managing than transferring data. We would use term “session” as a connection between client ...
