This protocol is necessary for ensuring that data has been successfully received by the recipient node. ICMP reports to the sender on successful or unsuccessful data delivery. It indicates reason for data delivery failure like:
TTL (Time To Live) expiry
Data destination reach failure
Network congestion
ICMP provides failure information, that might be very useful for problem troubleshooting, but it does not solve any ...
What is ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)? This protocols main purpose is to identify network nodes MAC address using its IP. ARP creates database of discovered nodes in the network and saves it on local machine for future use.
Whenever one node of the network needs to know some other nodes MAC address, it broadcasts the ARP message to the network. Message contains ...
TCP is providing data delivery services while being located in Transport layer of OSI and TCP/IP models. TCP requires established connection before the data transmission begin, so it is called connection -oriented subprotocol. TCP is ensuring connection is established before transmission.
Figure 1. A TCP segment
TCP is providing reliable data delivery with the help of sequencing and checksums. Without TCP data ...
TCP/IP model has been developed much later after OSI model. OSI was developed as theoretical model, while TCP/IP was more practical. TCP/IP is having just four layers in oppose to seven layers of OSI. All the layers are roughly corresponding to the osi model as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The TCP/IP model compared with the OSI model
Application layer is ...
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol is a package of network protocols that include TCP, IP, UDP, ARP and others. These are called subprotocols. When someone say TCP/IP they most likely refer to the whole group.
It has been developed for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) by US Department of Defence. Later it has been adopted by other network ...
Poor cable installation techniques and lack of experience could create many network problems. Grade of cable or crimping failure could fail the network completely or cause damage in the network that will result in future failures. This article is intended to provide cable installation tips for preventing Physical layer failures.
Twisted pair cable should not be untwisted for more than one-half ...
