Here it is - your new business plan for a EPON or GPON - exact standard really does not matters here. Probably you have also strong influence from a marketing, operations and other departments. And first, what you want to delve in and start to evaluate - is a prices of EPON equipment itself. Which supplier offers cheapest ONU's? Can ...
The first layer in OSI model is called Physical layer. It is working directly with the hardware, sending and receiving signals through the Network Interface Card (NIC).
While changing voltage for the copper wires it also can use light pulses for the fiber-optic cable. If the NIC has wireless receiver/transmitter it can receive/send signals as the electromagnetic waves.
After signals are detected ...
