Layer 1 - or physical layer in OSI model, is basically built on a one single model type - single fiber, and each ONU has 1 fiber connected (not including the 1+1 backup cases, which is a special case, and will be reviewed in more details in our blog.
Heart of the any GPON or EPON network is OLT - Optical ...
Here it is - your new business plan for a EPON or GPON - exact standard really does not matters here. Probably you have also strong influence from a marketing, operations and other departments. And first, what you want to delve in and start to evaluate - is a prices of EPON equipment itself. Which supplier offers cheapest ONU's? Can ...
The first layer in OSI model is called Physical layer. It is working directly with the hardware, sending and receiving signals through the Network Interface Card (NIC).
While changing voltage for the copper wires it also can use light pulses for the fiber-optic cable. If the NIC has wireless receiver/transmitter it can receive/send signals as the electromagnetic waves.
After signals are detected ...
The main function of the Data Link layer is to receive data packages from network layer and convert them to the frames that are ready to be transmitted by the first layer in OSI model - the Physical layer. The frame would include not only data packages, but also the sender’s and the receiver’s network addresses, as well as error ...
The network layer is completing the job of translating the network addresses into lower level language and finding a route how data could be delivered.
Network equipment is having two types of addresses that help simplify delivery. There is a Network address (Network layer address, logical address, virtual address) and a physical address. If we compare the Network address with the ...
